Biomaterial Database

Novel persistent activation of muscarinic M1 receptors by xanomeline. 1997

A Christopoulos, and E E El-Fakahany

Division of Neuroscience Research in Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. christo@lenti.med.umn.edu

The muscarinic agonists, xanomeline and carbachol, displayed similar intrinsic activities in stimulating neuronal nitric oxide synthase at muscarinic M1 receptors in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with xanomeline being more potent. Pre-incubation (1 h) with 1 microM xanomeline, followed by extensive washing, resulted in a significantly elevated basal response, which was absent on co-incubation with atropine. This phenomenon was not observed with carbachol. This is the first report of a persistent, receptor-activating effect of a muscarinic agonist.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011725	Pyridines	Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.
D011976	Receptors, Muscarinic	One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.	Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,Muscarinic Receptors,Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor,Muscarinic Receptor,Acetylcholine Receptor, Muscarinic,Acetylcholine Receptors, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic,Receptor, Muscarinic Acetylcholine,Receptors, Muscarinic Acetylcholine
D002217	Carbachol	A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	Carbamylcholine,Carbacholine,Carbamann,Carbamoylcholine,Carbastat,Carbocholine,Carboptic,Doryl,Isopto Carbachol,Jestryl,Miostat,Carbachol, Isopto
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations
D006224	Cricetinae	A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.	Cricetus,Hamsters,Hamster
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013830	Thiadiazoles	Heterocyclic compounds composed of a five-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one sulfur and two nitrogen atoms.	Thiadiazole
D014162	Transfection	The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.	Transfections
D016466	CHO Cells	CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.	CHO Cell,Cell, CHO,Cells, CHO
D043643	Receptor, Muscarinic M1	A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor that has a high affinity for the drug PIRENZEPINE. It is found in the peripheral GANGLIA where it signals a variety of physiological functions such as GASTRIC ACID secretion and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION. This subtype of muscarinic receptor is also found in neuronal tissues including the CEREBRAL CORTEX and HIPPOCAMPUS where it mediates the process of MEMORY and LEARNING.	Muscarinic Receptor M1,Muscarinic Receptors M1,Receptors, Muscarinic M1,M1 Receptor, Muscarinic,M1 Receptors, Muscarinic,M1, Muscarinic Receptor,M1, Muscarinic Receptors,Muscarinic M1 Receptor,Muscarinic M1 Receptors,Receptor M1, Muscarinic,Receptors M1, Muscarinic