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In eighteen months, eleven Sparks mandrils have been implanted in ten patients who presented serious vascular access problems. So far nine mandrils have been anastomosed and six are functioning. In one patient the apparatus, inserted in the right leg, clotted after 108 dialyses and was reinserted in the left arm; after a further forty dialyses the patient died from causes not connected with dialysis. Another patient's Sparks mandril thrombosed from infection on the fourth post-operative day. Using a single needle apparatus, 693 dialyses have been carried out with particular problems either for the patients or the grafts.
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