Biomaterial Database

Possible involvement of intracellular Ca2+ in hyposmosis-evoked catecholamine release from adrenal chromaffin cells. 1997

K Morita, and S Hamano, and K Teraoka, and K Ishimura

Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Japan.

The influence of hyposmotic conditions on catecholamine release was studied using cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. Incubation of the cells in hyposmotic solution led to the enhancement of catecholamine release in a manner dependent on the reduction of osmolarity. Hyposmosis-evoked catecholamine release was similarly observed in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+, and was not significantly affected by organic and inorganic Ca2+ entry blockers. These results indicated that the hyposmosis-evoked release might be associated with a rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Further studies showed that neither ryanodine nor thapsigargin caused any significant effect on hyposmosis-evoked catecholamine release, whereas pretreatment of chromaffin cells with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone significantly enhanced the hyposmosis-evoked release. Catecholamine release evoked by exposure to hyposmotic medium is therefore thought to be mediated through intracellular Ca2+, which may be mainly sequestered by the mitochondrial pools. Neither caffeine- nor inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ pools seems likely to be involved in hyposmosis-evoked catecholamine release, although the Ca2+ pools that contribute to the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ observed under hyposmotic conditions are not yet completely identified.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007038	Hypotonic Solutions	Solutions that have a lesser osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.	Solutions, Hypotonic
D007424	Intracellular Fluid	The fluid inside CELLS.	Fluid, Intracellular,Fluids, Intracellular,Intracellular Fluids
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D009994	Osmolar Concentration	The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.	Ionic Strength,Osmolality,Osmolarity,Concentration, Osmolar,Concentrations, Osmolar,Ionic Strengths,Osmolalities,Osmolar Concentrations,Osmolarities,Strength, Ionic,Strengths, Ionic
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002395	Catecholamines	A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.	Catecholamine,Sympathin,Sympathins
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D000313	Adrenal Medulla	The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Adrenal Medullas,Medulla, Adrenal,Medullas, Adrenal
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia