Biomaterial Database

Cardiotrophin-1 induces the same neuropeptides in sympathetic neurons as do neuropoietic cytokines. 1997

J G Cheng, and D Pennica, and P H Patterson

Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, U.S.A.

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) was cloned from mouse embryoid body for its ability to induce growth of heart cells. Predictions of its secondary structure indicate that CT-1 belongs to a family of cytokines with a four-helical bundle structure, and sequence comparisons reveal a weak homology to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay with rat sympathetic neuron cultures, we find that CT-1 induces and suppresses the expression of the same set of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter synthetic enzyme mRNAs as do LIF and CNTF. In addition, the effects of CT-1 and LIF are not additive, and CT-1 does not require a GPI-linked component to mediate its actions. Our functional data confirm that CT-1 is a member of the neuropoietic cytokine family and suggest that the CT-1 receptor complex contains the gp130 signal transducing component.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008222	Lymphokines	Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.	Lymphocyte Mediators,Mediators, Lymphocyte
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D009479	Neuropeptides	Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.	Neuropeptide
D006131	Growth Inhibitors	Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (	Cell Growth Inhibitor,Cell Growth Inhibitors,Growth Inhibitor,Growth Inhibitor, Cell,Growth Inhibitors, Cell,Inhibitor, Cell Growth,Inhibitor, Growth,Inhibitors, Cell Growth,Inhibitors, Growth
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D015850	Interleukin-6	A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.	Hepatocyte-Stimulating Factor,Hybridoma Growth Factor,IL-6,MGI-2,Myeloid Differentiation-Inducing Protein,Plasmacytoma Growth Factor,B Cell Stimulatory Factor-2,B-Cell Differentiation Factor,B-Cell Differentiation Factor-2,B-Cell Stimulatory Factor 2,B-Cell Stimulatory Factor-2,BSF-2,Differentiation Factor, B-Cell,Differentiation Factor-2, B-Cell,IFN-beta 2,IL6,Interferon beta-2,B Cell Differentiation Factor,B Cell Differentiation Factor 2,B Cell Stimulatory Factor 2,Differentiation Factor 2, B Cell,Differentiation Factor, B Cell,Differentiation-Inducing Protein, Myeloid,Growth Factor, Hybridoma,Growth Factor, Plasmacytoma,Hepatocyte Stimulating Factor,Interferon beta 2,Interleukin 6,Myeloid Differentiation Inducing Protein,beta-2, Interferon
D015870	Gene Expression	The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.	Expression, Gene,Expressions, Gene,Gene Expressions
D016207	Cytokines	Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.	Cytokine
D017783	Superior Cervical Ganglion	The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia.	Superior Cervical Ganglia,Cervical Ganglia, Superior,Cervical Ganglion, Superior,Ganglia, Superior Cervical,Ganglion, Superior Cervical