[Cryopreservation of female gametes after the second meiotic division]. 1997

A Tripodi, and C Pullé, and F Cremonesi, and S Stacchezzini
Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi, Messina.

During the past few years, experimentation in the field of assisted fertilisation has been focused on the freezing of the female gamete. This technique would allow the ethical problems relating to embryo conservation to be resolved. Unfortunately, in spite of the continuous progress made in embryology, conventional freezing methods have proved lethal to ovocytes owing to the profound morphological and functional changes that take place caused by the low temperature and the toxic action of cryoprotective agents. These alterations include: the thickening of the pellucid zone, thus preventing fertilisation; the confluence of cytoplasmatic organules into vesicles and masses; the depolymerisation of the microtubular apparatus of the meiotic spindle and loss of its orientation towards the egg cell, leading to lack of fertilisation or in the event that fertilisation takes place, a high incidence of chromosomal alterations, such as polyploidy, which are incompatible with subsequent embryonal development. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of eliminating part of these alterations, in particular those affecting the meiotic spindle, an element of central importance in the formation of the zygote. For this purpose, ovocytes matured in vitro were treated with ionomycin, a substance capable of activating the second meiotic division, and then frozen. The mechanism of action of ionomycin can be attributed to the depolarisation of the plasmatic membrane of the ovocyte, with an increased flow of calcium ions and inhibition of a protein that blocks the second meiotic division. The activation of the second meiotic division has enabled the authors to avoid damage to the meiotic spindle resulting from freezing and to obtain encouraging results in terms of the percentage of fertilisation and embryonal development after freezing, and the subsequent insemination of the ovocyte. Embryonal development ceased during the subsequent phases for reasons that are not yet clear. However, this study showed that severe cellular damage induced by freezing is attributable to alterations to the meiotic spindle that condition the later phases of fertilisation and embryonal development.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007476 Ionophores Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes. Ionophore
D008297 Male Males
D008540 Meiosis A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells. M Phase, Meiotic,Meiotic M Phase,M Phases, Meiotic,Meioses,Meiotic M Phases,Phase, Meiotic M,Phases, Meiotic M
D009865 Oocytes Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM). Ovocytes,Oocyte,Ovocyte
D010063 Ovum A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION. Egg,Egg, Unfertilized,Ova,Eggs, Unfertilized,Unfertilized Egg,Unfertilized Eggs
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D005260 Female Females
D005307 Fertilization in Vitro An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro. Test-Tube Fertilization,Fertilizations in Vitro,In Vitro Fertilization,Test-Tube Babies,Babies, Test-Tube,Baby, Test-Tube,Fertilization, Test-Tube,Fertilizations, Test-Tube,In Vitro Fertilizations,Test Tube Babies,Test Tube Fertilization,Test-Tube Baby,Test-Tube Fertilizations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013094 Spermatozoa Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility. Sperm,Spermatozoon,X-Bearing Sperm,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperm,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm,Sperm, X-Bearing,Sperm, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Bearing,Sperm, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, X-Bearing,Sperms, X-Chromosome-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Bearing,Sperms, Y-Chromosome-Bearing,X Bearing Sperm,X Chromosome Bearing Sperm,X-Bearing Sperms,X-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms,Y Bearing Sperm,Y Chromosome Bearing Sperm,Y-Bearing Sperms,Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperms

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