Biomaterial Database

HIV-1 Nef and host cell protein kinases. 1997

K Saksela

Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, P.O. Box 607, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland. kalle.saksela @uta.fi

Nef is a 27-34 kD myristoylated protein unique to primate lentiviruses. A functional Nef gene is important for development of high viremia and simian AIDS in SIV infected rhesus macaques. Notably, animals infected with Nef-deleted attenuated viruses are resistant to subsequent challenge with pathogenic wild-type viruses. A critical role for Nef in development of AIDS in humans has been suggested by the observation that some individuals with a long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection (persons who show no clinical or immunological signs of immunodeficiency despite being HIV seropositive for over a decade) are infected with viruses carrying naturally occurring Nef deletions. The mechanism of Nef action remains incompletely understood, but multiple lines of evidence point out to a role in modulation of cellular signaling pathways via physical and functional interactions with host cell protein kinases. These findings will be discussed in the following, preceded by a short introduction into the role of Nef in cell biology of HIV infection, which is intended to serve as a critical review of our current understanding on this enigmatic issue rather than a comprehensive review of the literature.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007963	Leukocytes, Mononuclear	Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.	Mononuclear Leukocyte,Mononuclear Leukocytes,PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Human Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Leukocyte, Mononuclear
D008958	Models, Molecular	Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.	Molecular Models,Model, Molecular,Molecular Model
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D011494	Protein Kinases	A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.	Protein Kinase,Kinase, Protein,Kinases, Protein
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000595	Amino Acid Sequence	The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.	Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015497	HIV-1	The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.	Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human
D015693	Gene Products, nef	Products of the retroviral NEF GENE. They play a role as accessory proteins that influence the rate of viral infectivity and the destruction of the host immune system. nef gene products were originally found as factors that trans-suppress viral replication and function as negative regulators of transcription. nef stands for negative factor.	nef Gene Products,nef Protein,3'-orf Protein,Gene Product, nef,3' orf Protein,nef Gene Product