Biomaterial Database

Biochemical and histopathological changes in arsenic-intoxicated rats coexposed to ethanol. 1997

S J Flora, and S C Pant, and P R Malhotra, and G M Kannan

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

The effects of arsenic and ethanol interaction on blood, liver and serum biochemical indices, and arsenic concentration in soft tissues of rats were investigated to determine the influence of these substances in inducing susceptibility to arsenic poisoning. Arsenic, intraperitoneally (100 ppm, once, daily), ethanol in drinking water (10%), or the combination were administered for a period of 6 weeks. Both the chemicals had some additive effects in marginally elevating blood zinc protoporphyrin. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of blood and liver were reduced by both arsenic and ethanol; however, there was a more pronounced depletion of hepatic GSH concentration in animals coexposed to arsenic and ethanol. Combined arsenic plus ethanol exposure led to significantly more elevated activities of serum transaminases than in animals administered arsenic or ethanol alone. Histopathological alterations in kidneys and liver occurred following arsenic exposure. Arsenic plus ethanol produced more pronounced liver lesions, whereas kidney changes were the same as with arsenic alone. The concentrations of arsenic in kidney and liver were higher in rats exposed to arsenic plus ethanol. The results suggest that animals exposed to arsenic plus ethanol are more vulnerable to arsenic toxicity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D007684	Kidney Tubules	Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.	Kidney Tubule,Tubule, Kidney,Tubules, Kidney
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008297	Male		Males
D009336	Necrosis	The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.
D011524	Protoporphyrins	Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D004347	Drug Interactions	The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.	Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug
D004848	Epithelium	The layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS which cover the inner and outer surfaces of the cutaneous, mucus, and serous tissues and glands of the body.	Mesothelium,Epithelial Tissue,Mesothelial Tissue,Epithelial Tissues,Mesothelial Tissues,Tissue, Epithelial,Tissue, Mesothelial,Tissues, Epithelial,Tissues, Mesothelial
D005978	Glutathione	A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.	Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine