Biomaterial Database

Peroxynitrite-induced toxicity in cultured astrocytes. 1997

N Amin, and B Pearce

Pharmacology Department, The School of Pharmacy, London, UK.

The exposure of cultured astrocytes to peroxynitrite (ONOO-) for 40 min resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells into the bathing medium over the following 24 h. Control experiments showed that the breakdown products of ONOO- contribute, to some extent, to its ability to cause cell death but that the drug vehicle (0.3 M NaOH), which increased the pH of the bathing medium to 9.4, had little effect. The cytotoxic action of ONOO- was mimicked by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) which liberates both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide but not by S-nitrosoglutathione which liberates only NO. SIN-1-induced cytotoxicity was reversed in a concentration-dependent manner by superoxide dismutase and attenuated by haemoglobin suggesting that the effect of SIN-1 is due, at least in part, to the formation of ONOO-.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D007770	L-Lactate Dehydrogenase	A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.	Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D008981	Molsidomine	A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.	Morsydomine,Corpea,Corvaton,Duracoron,Fali-Cor,Korvatone,MTW-Molsidomin,Molsi 1A Pharma,Molsi-AZU,Molsi-Puren,Molsibeta,Molsicor,Molsidain,Molsidomin,Molsidomin Heumann,Molsidomin Stada,Molsidomin Von Ct,Molsidomin-Ratiopharm,Molsihexal,Molsiket,SIN-10,Sydnopharm,Fali Cor,Heumann, Molsidomin,MTW Molsidomin,Molsi AZU,Molsi Puren,Molsidomin Ratiopharm,SIN 10,SIN10,Von Ct, Molsidomin
D009566	Nitrates	Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	Nitrate
D009569	Nitric Oxide	A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.	Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D009603	Nitroso Compounds	Organic compounds containing the nitroso (-N	Compounds, Nitroso
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D002540	Cerebral Cortex	The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulci. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.	Allocortex,Archipallium,Cortex Cerebri,Cortical Plate,Paleocortex,Periallocortex,Allocortices,Archipalliums,Cerebral Cortices,Cortex Cerebrus,Cortex, Cerebral,Cortical Plates,Paleocortices,Periallocortices,Plate, Cortical
D004791	Enzyme Inhibitors	Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.	Enzyme Inhibitor,Inhibitor, Enzyme,Inhibitors, Enzyme
D005978	Glutathione	A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.	Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine