[Glomerular hemodynamics in the isolated and perfused kidney. Effect of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase]. 1997

F B Gabbai, and O W Peterson, and S Khang
Div. of Nephrology/Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Ca., USA.

The isolated perfused kidney (IPK) is characterized by a normal glomerular filtration rate associated with a very low filtration fraction (FF). This study utilized micropuncture studies in the IPK to investigate: 1) the determinants of the ultrafiltration process responsible for the decrease in FF, and 2) the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker (L-NMMA) on glomerular hemodynamics. Two groups of kidneys were studied, a control group (CTL, n = 6) and an experimental group (EXP, n = 6) in which L-NMMA (0.56mM) was added to the perfusate. Significant differences in perfusate flow rate were required to maintain a constant perfusion pressure in both groups of kidneys. Nephron filtration rate, glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient and the ultrafiltration coefficient were similar between groups and identical to the ones obtained with in vivo micropuncture studies. Both afferent and efferent glomerular resistances were significantly reduced, although L-NMMA administration increased significantly both resistances. Altogether, these data demonstrate that 1) the IPK is an excellent preparation to evaluate the effect of different agents on glomerular pressure and/or membrane permeability in the absence of systemic effects; 2) the decrease in glomerular resistances leads to a significant increase in perfusate flow required to maintain glomerular pressure within normal range, and 3) in the absence of any systemic effect, NOS blocker increases both afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007668 Kidney Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations. Kidneys
D009569 Nitric Oxide A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D010477 Perfusion Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue. Perfusions
D005919 Glomerular Filtration Rate The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance. Filtration Rate, Glomerular,Filtration Rates, Glomerular,Glomerular Filtration Rates,Rate, Glomerular Filtration,Rates, Glomerular Filtration
D006439 Hemodynamics The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Hemodynamic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017208 Rats, Wistar A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain. Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D019001 Nitric Oxide Synthase An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE. NO Synthase,Nitric-Oxide Synthase,Nitric-Oxide Synthetase,Nitric Oxide Synthetase,Oxide Synthase, Nitric,Synthase, Nitric Oxide

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