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We fractionated the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from normal rabbit lungs into several fractions by high speed centrifugation and ethanol-ether extraction. Random migration, chemokinesis and chemotaxis of freshly harvested alveolar macrophages (AM), 24 h cultured AM, and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) were assayed in vitro using a modified, under agarose method and a blind well chemotactic chamber method. Freshly harvested AM demonstrated little random migration compared with PEC. However, when freshly harvested AM were pre-incubated in surfactant free medium for 24 h, the cells showed the same rate of migration as PEC. The increased migration of the 24 h cultured AM was partially suppressed by the presence of all BALF fractions containing high proportions of phospholipid. The inhibition by Fr-L (a fraction enriched in phospholipids) was reversed by normal serum, but not by heat-inactivated serum, cholesterol, synthetic dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, or indomethacin. Fr-L markedly suppressed macrophage chemokinesis but did not affect on macrophage chemotaxis. Alternatively, Fr-P, a delipidated preparation of surfactant consisting mainly of protein, had no effect on macrophage chemokinesis but increased the chemotaxis of PEC to zymosan-activated serum. We conclude that surfactant phospholipid suppresses AM migration, while surfactant protein increases macrophage chemotaxis.
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