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Solute cotransport in the Na+/glucose cotransporter is directly coupled to significant water fluxes. The water fluxes are energized by the downhill fluxes of the other substrates by a mechanism within the protein itself. In the present paper we investigate the Na+/glucose cotransporter expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We present a method which allows short-term exposures to sugar under voltage clamp conditions. We demonstrate that water is cotransported with the solutes despite no osmotic differences between the external and intracellular solutions. There is a fixed ratio of 195:1 between the number of water molecules and the number of Na+ ions transported, equivalent to 390 water molecules per glucose molecule. Unstirred layer effects are ruled out on the basis of experiments on native oocytes incubated with the ionophores gramicidin D or nystatin.
T Zeuthen, and
A K Meinild, and
D A Klaerke, and
D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
November 1996,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
T Zeuthen, and
A K Meinild, and
D A Klaerke, and
D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
January 1992,
The Journal of membrane biology,
T Zeuthen, and
A K Meinild, and
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D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
July 1994,
Biochimica et biophysica acta,
T Zeuthen, and
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E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
March 2000,
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology,
T Zeuthen, and
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B Belhage, and
T Litman
July 2000,
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology,
T Zeuthen, and
A K Meinild, and
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D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
August 1994,
The Journal of biological chemistry,
T Zeuthen, and
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D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
January 1999,
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition,
T Zeuthen, and
A K Meinild, and
D A Klaerke, and
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E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
February 2001,
The Journal of physiology,
T Zeuthen, and
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D D Loo, and
E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
January 1993,
Annual review of physiology,
T Zeuthen, and
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E M Wright, and
B Belhage, and
T Litman
January 1992,
Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum,
