Biomaterial Database

Chronic hypoxia alters glucose utilization during GSH-dependent detoxication in rat small intestine. 1998

T S LeGrand, and T Y Aw

Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA.

We showed that hypoxia alters glutathione (GSH)-dependent detoxication and induces mucosal metabolic instability. To determine the impact of these changes and the role of reductant supply in intestinal lipid peroxide disposition, pair-fed (16 g/day) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air (20.9% O2; n = 6) or 10% O2 (n = 6) for 10 days. Jejunal and ileal everted sacs were exposed to 75 microM peroxidized fish oil with or without 10 mM glucose or 1 mM GSH. Peroxide transport was determined as the abluminal recovery of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Peroxide recovery in hypoxic intestine was twice that in normoxic intestine. Addition of GSH and glucose did not affect peroxide recovery, indicating reduced intracellular GSH-dependent metabolism and enhanced output by the hypoxic intestine. Glucose uptake by normoxic and hypoxic intestine is similar, whereas its utilization for detoxication is decreased in hypoxic cells. Determination of NADPH supply indicates that decreased glucose availability for NADPH production during hypoxia impairs GSH disulfide reduction, compromises hydroperoxide metabolism, and increases peroxide output from hypoxic intestine.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007421	Intestine, Small	The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.	Small Intestine,Intestines, Small,Small Intestines
D008054	Lipid Peroxides	Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.	Fatty Acid Hydroperoxide,Lipid Peroxide,Lipoperoxide,Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides,Lipid Hydroperoxide,Lipoperoxides,Acid Hydroperoxide, Fatty,Acid Hydroperoxides, Fatty,Hydroperoxide, Fatty Acid,Hydroperoxide, Lipid,Hydroperoxides, Fatty Acid,Peroxide, Lipid,Peroxides, Lipid
D008297	Male		Males
D009249	NADP	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Coenzyme II,Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate,Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide,NADPH,Dinucleotide Phosphate, Nicotinamide-Adenine,Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate,Nucleotide, Triphosphopyridine,Phosphate, Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D010100	Oxygen	An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.	Dioxygen,Oxygen-16,Oxygen 16
D003958	Diamide	A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	Diazodicarboxylic Acid Bis(N,N-dimethyl)amide,Diazodicarboxylic Acid Bisdimethylamide,Dizene Dicarboxylic Acid Bis(N,N-dimethylamide),Dizenedicarboxylic Acid Bis(N,N-dimethylamide),Tetramethylazoformamide,Acid Bisdimethylamide, Diazodicarboxylic,Bisdimethylamide, Diazodicarboxylic Acid
D005947	Glucose	A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.	Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D005978	Glutathione	A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.	Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia