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Diagnosing HIV-related disease: using the CD4 count as a guide. 1998

A C Jung, and D S Paauw
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6420, USA.

OBJECTIVE To summarize current information on the relation between CD4 counts and the risk of different HIV-related diseases. RESULTS MEDLINE search of English language articles between 1985 and 1996 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) term "CD4 lymphocyte count" and searches using key words of multiple HIV-related diseases were conducted. Some HIV-related diseases can be stratified to different CD4 count levels. Regardless of their CD4 count, HIV-infected patients are susceptible to sinusitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, community-acquired pneumonia, and oral hairy leukoplakia. In advanced HIV, when CD4 is below 200/mm3, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Mycobacterium avium complex, molluscum contagiosum, and bacillary angiomatosis all increase in incidence. In very advanced HIV disease, when CD4 counts are below 50/mm3, patients are at risk of pseudomonas pneumonia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, central nervous system lymphoma, aspergillosis, and disseminated histoplasmosis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002493 Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. CNS Disease,Central Nervous System Disease,Central Nervous System Disorder,CNS Diseases,Central Nervous System Disorders
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012852 Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. Sinus Infections,Infection, Sinus,Infections, Sinus,Sinus Infection,Sinusitides
D012874 Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. Infectious Skin Diseases,Disease, Infectious Skin,Diseases, Infectious Skin,Infectious Skin Disease,Skin Disease, Infectious
D014376 Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. Koch's Disease,Kochs Disease,Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection,Infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Koch Disease,Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections,Tuberculoses
D015658 HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III Infections,HTLV-III-LAV Infections,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human,HIV Coinfection,Coinfection, HIV,Coinfections, HIV,HIV Coinfections,HIV Infection,HTLV III Infections,HTLV III LAV Infections,HTLV-III Infection,HTLV-III-LAV Infection,Infection, HIV,Infection, HTLV-III,Infection, HTLV-III-LAV,Infections, HIV,Infections, HTLV-III,Infections, HTLV-III-LAV,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human
D017088 AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections,Opportunistic Infections, AIDS-Related,Opportunistic Infections, HIV-Related,AIDS Related Opportunistic Infections,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infection,HIV Related Opportunistic Infections,HIV-Related Opportunistic Infection,Infection, HIV-Related Opportunistic,Infections, HIV-Related Opportunistic,Opportunistic Infection, AIDS-Related,Opportunistic Infection, HIV-Related,Opportunistic Infections, AIDS Related,Opportunistic Infections, HIV Related
D018410 Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. Bacterial Pneumonia,Bacterial Pneumonias,Pneumonias, Bacterial
D018791 CD4 Lymphocyte Count The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer. Lymphocyte Count, CD4,T4 Lymphocyte Count,CD4 Cell Counts,CD4 Counts,CD4+ Cell Counts,CD4+ Counts,CD4 Cell Count,CD4 Count,CD4 Lymphocyte Counts,CD4+ Cell Count,CD4+ Count,Count, T4 Lymphocyte,Counts, T4 Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte Count, T4,Lymphocyte Counts, CD4,Lymphocyte Counts, T4,T4 Lymphocyte Counts

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