We studied horizontal eye movements evoked by lateral whole body translation in nine patients who underwent vestibular nerve section. Preoperatively, all had preserved caloric function on both sides. Testing was performed before, 1 week and 6-10 weeks after surgery. Patients were seated upright in an electrically powered car running on a linear track. The car executed acceleration steps of 0.24 g, randomly to the left and right in the dark. The normal response consisted of a bidirectionally symmetrical nystagmus with compensatory slow phases. Response asymmetry of the slow-phase velocity of the desaccaded and averaged eye position signal was less than 13% in normals (n = 21). Before surgery, patients' responses were mostly symmetrical. Postoperatively, responses were diminished or absent with head acceleration towards the operated ear in all patients, causing a marked asymmetry which averaged 56% after correction for spontaneous nystagmus. On follow-up, responses regained symmetry. Thus, early after vestibular nerve section, a single utricle produces a normal LVOR only with ipsilateral head translation. Therefore, afferents for the LVOR seem to originate from the mid-lateral area of the macula, where hair cells are stimulated in their on-direction during ipsilateral head translation. Compensation may depend on recovery of the off-directional responses from lateral hair cells of the remaining utricle.