Biomaterial Database

Temporary and permanent threshold shift: an overview. 1998

A Quaranta, and P Portalatini, and D Henderson

Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of Bari, Italy. audiolog@cimedoc.uniba.it

Temporary threshold shift (TTS) as well as permanent threshold shift (PTS) represent the most common hearing effect of acute and chronic high level acoustic stimulation. TTS is typically related to the traumatizing stimulus spectrum and to the exposure level and duration. The stapedial acoustic reflex as well as the repetition rate of the exposure may influence TTS. PTS is related to a number of factors including exposure duration, subject's age, exposure to other ototoxic factors, presence of impulse noise components, etc. PTS is usually accompanied with alterations of several cochlear functions leading to altered speech discrimination mostly in presence of background noise. The main characteristics of both TTS and PTS are reviewed and discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009622	Noise	Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.	Noise Pollution,Noises,Pollution, Noise
D012022	Reflex, Acoustic	Intra-aural contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius in response to sound.	Acoustic Reflex
D003051	Cochlea	The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.	Cochleas
D006319	Hearing Loss, Sensorineural	Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	Deafness Neurosensory,Deafness, Neurosensory,Deafness, Sensoryneural,Neurosensory Deafness,Sensorineural Hearing Loss,Sensoryneural Deafness,Cochlear Hearing Loss,Hearing Loss, Cochlear,Deafnesses, Neurosensory,Deafnesses, Sensoryneural,Neurosensory Deafnesses,Sensoryneural Deafness,Sensoryneural Deafnesses
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000161	Acoustic Stimulation	Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.	Auditory Stimulation,Stimulation, Acoustic,Stimulation, Auditory
D000367	Age Factors	Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.	Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age
D001309	Auditory Threshold	The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.	Auditory Thresholds,Threshold, Auditory,Thresholds, Auditory
D013067	Speech Perception	The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).	Speech Discrimination,Discrimination, Speech,Perception, Speech
D013198	Stapedius	A tiny muscle that arises from the posterior wall of the TYMPANIC CAVITY of MIDDLE EAR with its tendon inserted onto the neck of the STAPES. Stapedius pulls the stapes posteriorly and controls its movement.