For several years, studies performed to estimate in vitro biocompatibility of urinary catheters have been carried out using permanent cell lines. But for a rational design of the testing procedure, the cell culture model should relate to the material application. This work presents the results of a probe study designed to obtain an in vitro model of normal human urothelial cells (HUC) and to test the relevance of this system in cytocompatibility experiments of urinary catheters currently used.A comparison is made with continuous cell lines, the use of which is recommended by normalization bodies. We exposed monolayers of HUC (well characterized for their proliferation, qualitative evaluation, and quantitative measurement of cytokeratins) and two continuous human cell lines to liquid extracts (either pure or diluted in the culture medium) of nine available catheters, including positive (latex) and negative controls, for a 24 h incubation. Then colorimetric assays (Neutral Red and MTT) were performed. The extracts of two polyurethanes provoked a significant toxic effect on HUC only, suggesting differences in sensitivity between the models used. This effect could be due to the presence of a great amount of barium (used as a radioopacifier) in extracts, as highlighted by results of absorption emission spectroscopy. A culture model of HUC may be of relevance for the screening of materials intended for urological practice.