Biomaterial Database

Equivalent effects of stimulant treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood and adolescence. 1998

B H Smith, and W E Pelham, and E Gnagy, and R S Yudell

Attention Deficit Disorder Program, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA.

OBJECTIVE To compare the therapeutic effect size of methylphenidate on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood versus adolescence. METHODS A retrospective follow-up study of 16 individuals with diagnosed ADHD who completed double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies of methylphenidate 0.3 mg/kg during two separate summer treatment programs. The programs were completed when the subjects were children (aged 8 to 11 years) and adolescents (aged 12 to 14.5 years). Dependent variables include objective measures of academic performance and social behavior and ratings completed by counselors and teachers. RESULTS Effect sizes ranged from very large to small, with most effects in the moderate to large range. Across the 12 dependent variables, t tests found that only 3 showed statistically significant changes in effect size from childhood to adolescence. Putative changes in effect sizes can be dismissed for methodological reasons. CONCLUSIONS Stimulant medication is equally effective with children and adolescents with ADHD if they are engaged in similar activities. Treatment providers should rigorously examine environmental causes to problems before prescribing higher doses of stimulants to adolescents with ADHD who exhibit a worsening in functioning.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008774	Methylphenidate	A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.	Centedrin,Concerta,Daytrana,Equasym,Metadate,Methylin,Methylphenidate Hydrochloride,Phenidylate,Ritalin,Ritalin-SR,Ritaline,Tsentedrin,Hydrochloride, Methylphenidate,Ritalin SR
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004311	Double-Blind Method	A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.	Double-Masked Study,Double-Blind Study,Double-Masked Method,Double Blind Method,Double Blind Study,Double Masked Method,Double Masked Study,Double-Blind Methods,Double-Blind Studies,Double-Masked Methods,Double-Masked Studies,Method, Double-Blind,Method, Double-Masked,Methods, Double-Blind,Methods, Double-Masked,Studies, Double-Blind,Studies, Double-Masked,Study, Double-Blind,Study, Double-Masked
D005260	Female		Females
D005500	Follow-Up Studies	Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.	Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000124	Achievement	Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.	Accomplishment,Accomplishments,Achievements
D000293	Adolescent	A person 13 to 18 years of age.	Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths

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