Biomaterial Database

Differential distribution of a second type of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive amacrine cell in the chick retina. 1998

R M Dos Santos, and P F Gardino

Programa de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A second population of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive amacrine cells was demonstrated in embryonic and adult chicken retinas by immunohistochemistry techniques in whole flat-mount preparations. The populations were differentiated on a basis of different immunostaining intensities, levels of stratification in the inner plexiform layer, and topographical distributions. Cells of one type were similar to the previously described dopaminergic amacrine cells, denoted here as tyrosine hydroxylase type 1 cells. Immunoreactive neurons of the second type observed in the present work had relatively smaller somata size, and weaker immunostaining than type 1 cells, and were located preferentially in the ventral retina. These tyrosine hydroxylase type 2 cells could be visualized from embryonic day 14 to 21 days after hatching animals. The distribution of the second population was coincident with that of the targets of centrifugal fibres and with cells involved in long proprioretinal connections. We propose that the tyrosine hydroxylase type 2 amacrine cells found in the ventral retina could mediate an important pathway to the upper half of the visual field so as to aid in the detection of predators.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D012160	Retina	The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.	Ora Serrata
D002395	Catecholamines	A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from TYROSINE.	Catecholamine,Sympathin,Sympathins
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D000375	Aging	The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	Senescence,Aging, Biological,Biological Aging
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014446	Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase	An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen to 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, dihydrobiopterin, and water. EC 1.14.16.2.	Tyrosine Hydroxylase,3-Monooxygenase, Tyrosine,Hydroxylase, Tyrosine,Tyrosine 3 Monooxygenase
D014794	Visual Fields	The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.	Field, Visual,Fields, Visual,Visual Field