Approximately 25% of all lung cancer cases diagnosed in 1993 were due to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Approximately one third of all SCLC patients present with limited disease. Efforts to improve treatment results for patients with limited-stage SCLC include two recent meta-analyses of combined-modality treatment involving chemotherapy with thoracic radiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Both of these studies showed improvements in survival with the combined-modality approach. In addition, preliminary results of a Hoosier Oncology Group phase II study of cisplatin/ifosfamide/etoposide (VIP) in combination with thoracic radiotherapy in patients with limited disease indicate that VIP has an acceptable toxicity profile and should be studied further. For patients presenting with extensive-stage SCLC, several combination regimens have been shown to be effective in inducing responses of approximately 60%, although none has established superiority. Results of several studies evaluating the standard cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine (CAV) regimen versus cisplatin-containing combination regimens have shown no obvious survival advantage of the cisplatin regimens over CAV. On the other hand, results of a Hoosier Oncology Group study of VIP versus cisplatin/etoposide in extensive-disease SCLC showed that overall survival favored (P = .044) the VIP arm (9.1 months v 7.3 months), although these results need to be confirmed in another trial.