[Efficacy of the meningococcal vaccine from Group C capsular polysaccharide]. 1997

J González Enríquez, and L García Comas, and J F Alcaide Jiménez, and A Sáenz Calvo, and J Conde Olasagasti
Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid.

BACKGROUND This report is a systematic review of the effect intensity and duration of the immune response to meningococcal serogroup C vaccine. The vaccine safety, efficacy and effectiveness are also analyzed. METHODS MEDLINE literature search in the period 1970-1996. Meningoccocal polysaccharide vaccine clinical trials and human prospective studies were specifically searched. Quality of the retrieved studies were analyzed. Information available was integrated. RESULTS Group C meningoccal polysaccharide vaccine is a safe product. Its efficacy is over 85% among adults and children over 5 years old. 70% (CI 95%: 5-91%) under 5 years old, and 55% among children 2-3 years old. The vaccine is not effective under 2 years. The duration of protective antibody levels decrease with age. The proportion of vaccinated children effectively protected one year after vaccination is low. Vaccination does not affect the immune response to ulterior revaccination. CONCLUSIONS Group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is indicated in adults and children over 2 years old to protect them from meningococcal disease due to group C when exposed to high risk of infection. The outbreaks control is the main indication for the use of this vaccine. Routine immunization in not outbreak situation is not recommended due to the small vaccine protection in children under 2 years old, the limited efficacy in children under 5, and the short duration of the immunity in children.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008585 Meningitis, Meningococcal A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8) Meningitis, Neisseria,Neisseria Meningitis,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup B,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup C,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup W-135,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup W135,Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup Y,Meningitis, Meningococcic,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup A,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup B,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup C,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup W-135,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup W135,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup Y,Serogroup A Meningococcal Meningitis,Serogroup B Meningococcal Meningitis,Serogroup C Meningococcal Meningitis,Serogroup W-135, Meningococcal Meningitis,Serogroup W135, Meningococcal Meningitis,Serogroup Y, Meningococcal Meningitis,Meningococcal Meningitis,Meningococcal Meningitis, Serogroup W 135,Neisseria Meningitides,Serogroup W 135, Meningococcal Meningitis
D009345 Neisseria meningitidis A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype. Diplokokkus intracellularis meningitidis,Meningococcus,Micrococcus intracellularis,Micrococcus meningitidis,Micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis,Neisseria weichselbaumii
D011135 Polysaccharides, Bacterial Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof. Bacterial Polysaccharides
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000942 Antigens, Bacterial Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity. Bacterial Antigen,Bacterial Antigens,Antigen, Bacterial

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