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Syndecan-1 is a cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, which binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors and antithrombin III. The early expression of syndecan-1 during mouse embryonic development suggests a potential role in the communication between the embryo and the ECM of decidua. Using immunohistochemical methods, the present study showed that the expression of syndecan-1 in the trophoblast cells changes along trophoblast differentiation. The syncytiotrophoblasts in the chorionic villi exhibited an apical expression of syndecan-1. This suggests that the expression is restricted to non-migrating, non-proliferating trophoblasts. The mode of syndecan-1 expression by human placental trophoblasts is independent of gestational age. The expression is not changed in miscarriages. In pre-eclampsia, the staining for syndecan-1 on the villous syncytiotrophoblast is weaker compared to normal pregnancy, but in placental bed the expression is similar. The unique apical localization of syndecan-1 in chorionic villi, not detected in any other tissues, suggests a potential role in fetomaternal communication probably via growth factor binding and in anticoagulation of intervillous circulation.
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