Ideological and conceptual issues arising out of the involvement of consumers in health care quality determination are identified. Historically and currently, criteria and procedures for quality review and assessment have reflected the values and interests of the professional providers of health care. This perspective restricts the role of the consumer to that of either a nonparticipant or a data source, at best. If the social values and merits for health care provision of consumer involvement in quality determination are to be realized, then this perspective will need to be modified, and our knowledge base of consumer criteria of health care quality will need to be enlarged. Although the perspectives of probiders and consumers are thought to the antagonistic, they may not, in fact, be so. Some suggested areas of needed research, necessary to policy development and implementation, are offered.