Biomaterial Database

Tobacco smoking and alcohol and drug consumption in a large, young healthy population. 1998

L M Galanti, and P Manigart, and P Dubois

Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium.

The relationships between tobacco smoking and both alcohol and drug consumption were investigated in 2 431 healthy individuals aged 18-29 y. We used a questionnaire to evaluate smoking habits and alcohol and drug intake, and these parameters (i.e., cotinine-to-creatinine concentration ratio, amphetamines, cannabinoids, opiates, and cocaine) were quantified via urine analyses. Urinary cotinine concentration was significantly higher in current smokers (mean +/- standard deviation: 717 +/- 61 ng/mg creatinine, n = 881) than in non- or exsmokers (32 +/- 16 ng/mg creatinine, n = 1550). Information gleaned from the questionnaires revealed that there was a greater proportion of current smokers among consumers of alcohol than among nonconsumers. Significantly (p < .001) more current smokers than non- or exsmokers self-reported that they consumed sedatives, stimulants, or illegal drugs. Urinary cotinine concentrations were highest in consumers of alcohol and in self-reported consumers of sedatives (p < .0001), stimulants (p = .01), and illegal drugs (p < .0001). We found higher urinary cotinine concentrations in subjects who had positive urinary amphetamines, cannabinoids, or opiates. Even though the prevalence of alcohol and drug consumption remained low in the population we studied, such behaviors were clearly related to tobacco smoking.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D009294	Narcotics	Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.	Analgesics, Narcotic,Narcotic Analgesics,Narcotic,Narcotic Effect,Narcotic Effects,Effect, Narcotic,Effects, Narcotic
D011446	Prospective Studies	Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.	Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D011795	Surveys and Questionnaires	Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions.	Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D011897	Random Allocation	A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.	Randomization,Allocation, Random
D002186	Cannabinoids	Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.	Cannabinoid
D003042	Cocaine	An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.	Cocaine HCl,Cocaine Hydrochloride,HCl, Cocaine,Hydrochloride, Cocaine
D003367	Cotinine	The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.	Scotine
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults