Biomaterial Database

Electrocorticographic changes during generalized convulsive status epilepticus in soman intoxicated rats. 1998

I Koplovitz, and J P Skvorak

Basic Assessment Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5425, USA.

Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is the most common and potentially most damaging form of status epilepticus (SE). It has been previously reported, in both human GCSE and animal models of GCSE, that the electroencephalographs (EEGs) and electrocorticographs (ECoGs) recorded during GCSE contain an ordered sequence of five identifiable patterns: discrete seizures (phase 1), waxing and waning ictal discharges (phase 2), continuous ictal discharges (phase 3), continuous activity with flat periods (phase 4), and periodic epileptiform discharge on a flat background (phase 5). In this paper, we report the same pattern of ECoG changes in 15 rats exposed to soman, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Phase 1 was observed in 12 of 15 animals, but phases 2-5 were recorded in all the animals. Taken together, these findings suggest that the sequence of EEG changes is independent of the initiating cause, represent a common electrical response to GCSE, and reflect a common underlying neurochemical mechanism.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D010091	Oximes	Compounds that contain the radical R2C	Aldoximes,Hydroxyimino Compounds,Ketoxime,Ketoximes,Oxime,Compounds, Hydroxyimino
D011726	Pyridinium Compounds	Derivatives of PYRIDINE containing a cation C5H5NH or radical C5H6N.	Compounds, Pyridinium
D002801	Cholinesterase Reactivators	Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.	Insecticides, Organophosphate, Antagonists,Insecticides, Organothiophosphate, Antagonists,Organophosphate Insecticide Antagonists,Organothiophosphate Insecticide Antagonists,Antagonists, Organophosphate Insecticide,Antagonists, Organothiophosphate Insecticide,Insecticide Antagonists, Organophosphate,Insecticide Antagonists, Organothiophosphate,Reactivators, Cholinesterase
D003292	Convulsants	Substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. They were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. They are now most commonly used as experimental tools.	Convulsant,Convulsant Effect,Convulsant Effects,Effect, Convulsant,Effects, Convulsant
D004569	Electroencephalography	Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.	EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012999	Soman	An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	Pinacolyl Methylphosphonofluoridate,Methylphosphonofluoridate, Pinacolyl
D013226	Status Epilepticus	A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	Absence Status,Complex Partial Status Epilepticus,Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus,Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus,Petit Mal Status,Simple Partial Status Epilepticus,Grand Mal Status Epilepticus,Status Epilepticus, Complex Partial,Status Epilepticus, Electrographic,Status Epilepticus, Generalized,Status Epilepticus, Generalized Convulsive,Status Epilepticus, Grand Mal,Status Epilepticus, Non-Convulsive,Status Epilepticus, Simple Partial,Status Epilepticus, Subclinical,Electrographic Status Epilepticus,Generalized Status Epilepticus,Non Convulsive Status Epilepticus,Status Epilepticus, Non Convulsive,Status, Absence,Status, Petit Mal,Subclinical Status Epilepticus
D017207	Rats, Sprague-Dawley	A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.	Holtzman Rat,Rats, Holtzman,Sprague-Dawley Rat,Rats, Sprague Dawley,Holtzman Rats,Rat, Holtzman,Rat, Sprague-Dawley,Sprague Dawley Rat,Sprague Dawley Rats,Sprague-Dawley Rats