To investigate the effect of a delay in ovulation on postnatal growth and development in resultant rat offspring, a 1-day ovulatory delay was induced by sodium pentobarbital, animals mated, and the offspring monitored. There were no differences between control and 1-day delayed offspring in the number of live or dead births, number of males or females, nor in the ratio of sexes. Delayed pups had a slightly lower birth weight, but then recovered to weigh more than controls by day 12. In the first two weeks post-parturition, delayed pups displayed an earlier ability to reorient themselves in a negative geotaxis test, but no differences by the righting reflex and reflex suspension tests. At postnatal day (pnd) 28, delayed pups exhibited decreased activity in a continuous corridor test, but no alterations in gait. At this time, the brains of delayed animals revealed thickening of cortical layers V plus VI. There were significant correlations between various developmental endpoints (body weight, negative geotaxis, continuous corridor activity, and gait) and the cortical layer thicknesses. The results indicate that ovulatory delay produces changes in brain cortical thickness, with correlative changes in growth and behavior. Although the mechanisms by which ovulatory delay alters postnatal development and brain structure are unknown, ovulatory delay may alter the uterine environment during early pregnancy.