Temporal characteristics of velopharyngeal function in children. 1998

H A Leeper, and M L Tissington, and K G Munhall
School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. hleeper@julian.uwo.ca

OBJECTIVE This investigation was designed to examine the performance of children with normal speech on temporal aspects of aerodynamic tasks related to velopharyngeal closure. METHODS The investigation was a descriptive evaluation of variability in aerodynamic features related to velopharyngeal function during multiple repetitions of the word "hamper." METHODS Children without speech or velopharyngeal difficulties were seen in an experimental laboratory setting for the evaluation procedures. METHODS Twenty-seven subjects were recruited for the experiment. Three subjects were rejected because of behavioral difficulties, and the remaining 24 subjects were subdivided into 4 groups of 6 children (3 males and 3 females) aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 years. The children, who were from local schools and day care centers, volunteered to participate in the experiment. All of the children had age-appropriate speech, language, and hearing abilities, as determined by screening tests administered by one of the examiners (L.T.). METHODS Mean and variability of pressure-flow measures of peak intraoral air pressure and peak nasal airflow and the temporal measures accompanying each air pressure or airflow pulse were evaluated for the age groups of children examined in the experiment. RESULTS The aerodynamic procedures employed to evaluate velopharyngeal closure during speech were reliable for use with young children. There was a numerical trend toward decreased duration of the temporal parameters with increasing age. Thus, children demonstrated durational values similar to those previously reported for normal-speaking adults. In general, peak oral air pressure and nasal airflow values were like those of previous investigations and demonstrated low variability across all age groups of children tested. CONCLUSIONS The data from the present investigation provide a preliminary base for comparison of temporal features of velopharyngeal closure for the aerodynamic evaluation of children with impaired velopharyngeal function.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009055 Mouth The oval-shaped oral cavity located at the apex of the digestive tract and consisting of two parts: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper. Oral Cavity,Cavitas Oris,Cavitas oris propria,Mouth Cavity Proper,Oral Cavity Proper,Vestibule Oris,Vestibule of the Mouth,Cavity, Oral
D009666 Nose A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES. External Nose,External Noses,Nose, External,Noses,Noses, External
D010160 Palate, Soft A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border. Velum Palatinum,Soft Palate,Palates, Soft,Palatinum, Velum
D010614 Pharynx A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx). Throat,Pharynxs,Throats
D010700 Phonetics The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Speech Sounds,Sound, Speech,Sounds, Speech,Speech Sound
D012123 Pulmonary Ventilation The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute. Respiratory Airflow,Ventilation Tests,Ventilation, Pulmonary,Expiratory Airflow,Airflow, Expiratory,Airflow, Respiratory,Test, Ventilation,Tests, Ventilation,Ventilation Test
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002663 Child Language The language and sounds expressed by a child at a particular maturational stage in development. Child Languages,Language, Child,Languages, Child
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children

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