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The effect of kainic acid (KA) on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive-oxygen species (ROS) production was studied in dissociated cerebellar granule cells from rat pups. KA induced a maximum increase of 361%+/-35% in ROS production. The lazaroid compound U-83836E (at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) to 5x10(-6) M) completely inhibited this increase, with an IC50 value of 3.02+/-1.08x10(-7) M. KA also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with a maximum decrease of about 30%. Absence of Na+ in the incubation medium did not significantly alter the effect of KA on MMP. As expected, the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist NBQX inhibited the effects of KA on MMP with an IC50 value of 1.1+/-0.8 microM. However, the lazaroid U-83836E, indomethacin, nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid and L-nitroarginine all failed to inhibit the KA-induced decrease in the MMP. Finally, to assess the neuroprotective effect of U-83836E on KA-induced neurotoxicity in vivo, the increase in the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor density in rat hippocampus was measured. Treatment with KA increased the Bmax to 1341+/-192 fmol mg(-1). When U-83836E was coadministered with KA, the Bmax was reduced to 765+/-122 fmol mg(-1), which was not significantly different from the Bmax obtained from untreated rats (Bmax: 518+/-33 fmol mg(-1)). We conclude that treatment with the lazaroid U-83836E might be a suitable therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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