Biomaterial Database

[Pathophysiology of respiratory disturbances in children (author's transl)]. 1976

H J Dietzsch, and W Leupold

Physiological conditions of respiration in children are defined especially by - relative hyperventilation because of high oxygen uptake per body surface, - relative narrow and soft airways with high tendency to obstruction, causing atelectasis, pneumonia or severe bronchiolitis. It is useful to differentiate between bronchiolitis and spastic or asthmatoid bronchitis, the latter being sensible to Adrenalin and developing to asthma of adults. Characteristical signs of asthmatoid bronchitis are bronchial hyperreactivity, increased airway-resistance and residual volume, decreased FEV 1, pulmonary compliance, arterial PO2 and PCO2 with signs of pulmonary inhomogeneity. Mucviscidosis, starting from abnormal viscosity of bronchial secretion, is functionally characterized by similar signs, so are increased RV with air-trapping, decreased FEV 1, VC, PO2a and pulmonary inhomogeneity. Diffuse progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (HAMMAN-RICH) of acute type being mostly lethal in children up to 2 years of age and of subacute type in older children shows diffusion disturbance and characteristical ventilation disturbance with reduction of inspiratory reserve volume and enlargement of functional residual capacity but normal FEV 1. Disturbances are sensible to corticoid-therapy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008170	Lung Compliance	The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)	Compliance, Lung,Compliances, Lung,Lung Compliances
D008297	Male		Males
D011658	Pulmonary Fibrosis	A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	Alveolitis, Fibrosing,Idiopathic Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis,Fibroses, Pulmonary,Fibrosis, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Fibroses,Alveolitides, Fibrosing,Fibrosing Alveolitides,Fibrosing Alveolitis
D012115	Residual Volume	The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a maximal expiration. Common abbreviation is RV.	Residual Volumes,Volume, Residual,Volumes, Residual
D012140	Respiratory Tract Diseases	Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	Respiratory Diseases,Respiratory System Diseases,Disease, Respiratory System,Disease, Respiratory Tract,Respiratory System Disease,Respiratory Tract Disease
D001991	Bronchitis	Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	Bronchitides
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000367	Age Factors	Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.	Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age