Biomaterial Database

Prevention of halothane-induced bradycardia: is intranasal premedication indicated? 1998

F Reinoso-Barbero, and M Gutiérrez-Márquez, and A Díez-Labajo

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departmento de Anestesiología, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Spain.

Eighty ambulatory surgical patients with ASA physical status 1 and 2, aged 1-10 years, were studied. One group received intranasal (IN) midazolam 0.25 mg.kg-1; a second group received IN 0.25 mg.kg-1 of midazolam plus 0.02 mg.kg-1 of atropine; the third group received 0.25 mg.kg-1 of midazolam plus 0.02 mg.kg-1 of atropine administered intramuscularly, and the fourth group received IN saline drops. All patients were anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane administered via mask. Heart rate (HR) was recorded every minute up to start of surgery. Children receiving midazolam had better preoperative sedation and anaesthesia induction scores. The IN administration of neither midazolam alone nor midazolam-atropine altered the incidence or degree of halothane-induced bradycardia.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006993	Hypnotics and Sedatives	Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.	Hypnotic,Sedative,Sedative and Hypnotic,Sedatives,Hypnotic Effect,Hypnotic Effects,Hypnotics,Sedative Effect,Sedative Effects,Sedatives and Hypnotics,Effect, Hypnotic,Effect, Sedative,Effects, Hypnotic,Effects, Sedative,Hypnotic and Sedative
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007273	Injections, Intramuscular	Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.	Intramuscular Injections,Injection, Intramuscular,Intramuscular Injection
D008874	Midazolam	A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.	Dormicum,Midazolam Hydrochloride,Midazolam Maleate,Ro 21-3981,Versed,Hydrochloride, Midazolam,Maleate, Midazolam,Ro 21 3981,Ro 213981
D009609	Nitrous Oxide	Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.	Laughing Gas,Nitrogen Protoxide,Gas, Laughing,Oxide, Nitrous
D010100	Oxygen	An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.	Dioxygen,Oxygen-16,Oxygen 16
D011229	Preanesthetic Medication	Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.	Medication, Preanesthetic,Medications, Preanesthetic,Preanesthetic Medications
D001919	Bradycardia	Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	Bradyarrhythmia,Bradyarrhythmias,Bradycardias
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children