Biomaterial Database

Longitudinal changes in maternal serum leptin concentrations, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in pregnancy. 1998

T J Highman, and J E Friedman, and L P Huston, and W W Wong, and P M Catalano

Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the longitudinal changes in maternal serum leptin concentrations, body composition, and resting metabolic rate during pregnancy. METHODS Ten women were evaluated before pregnancy, in early pregnancy (12 to 14 weeks), and in late pregnancy (34 to 36 weeks). Leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, body composition with hydrodensitometry with adjustment for total body water, and resting metabolic rate by use of indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Using analysis of variance with repeated measures from pregravid to late pregnancy, a 66% increase (mean +/- SD) was found in leptin concentrations (in nanograms per milliliter) (before pregnancy, 25.4 +/- 19.9; in early pregnancy, 37.5 +/- 26.2; and in late pregnancy, 38.4 +/- 27.3, p = 0.003); a 9% increase in body fat (in kilograms) (before pregnancy, 29.4 +/- 15.7; in early pregnancy, 28.7 +/- 14.0; in late pregnancy, 31.4 +/- 14.6; p = 0.04); a 28% increase in oxygen consumption (in milliliters of oxygen per minute) (before pregnancy, 221.2 +/- 29.5; in early pregnancy, 230.4 +/- 42.9; in late pregnancy, 285.3 +/- 51.9; p < 0.0001); and a 9% increase in oxygen consumption (milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute) (before pregnancy, 3.02 +/- 0.43; in early pregnancy, 3.05 +/- 0.30; in late pregnancy, 3.31 +/- 0.37, p = 0.002) with advancing gestation. A significant positive correlation was present between leptin and body fat before pregnancy (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001), in early pregnancy (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001), and in late pregnancy (r = 0.87, p = 0.0005) and between leptin and oxygen consumption before pregnancy (r = 0.80, p = 0.004), in early pregnancy (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), and in late pregnancy (r = 0.62, p = 0.06). When oxygen consumption was adjusted for maternal and fetal tissue mass, a significant negative correlation was found between leptin and oxygen consumption before pregnancy (r = -0.96, p < 0.0001), in early pregnancy (r = -0.80, p = 0.0034), and in late pregnancy (r = -0.70, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that leptin increases significantly during early pregnancy before any major changes in body fat and resting metabolic rate. These data suggest that pregnancy represents a leptin-resistant state.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D001823	Body Composition	The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.	Body Compositions,Composition, Body,Compositions, Body
D005260	Female		Females
D005865	Gestational Age	The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated from the onset of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. It is also estimated to begin from fertilization, estrus, coitus, or artificial insemination.	Embryologic Age,Fetal Maturity, Chronologic,Chronologic Fetal Maturity,Fetal Age,Maturity, Chronologic Fetal,Age, Embryologic,Age, Fetal,Age, Gestational,Ages, Embryologic,Ages, Fetal,Ages, Gestational,Embryologic Ages,Fetal Ages,Gestational Ages
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D001481	Basal Metabolism	Metabolism (e.g., heat production) of an organism in an inactive, awake, fasting state. It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the amount of oxygen utilized.	Metabolism, Basal,Basal Metabolic Rate,Metabolic Rate, Basal,Resting Metabolic Rate,Basal Metabolic Rates,Metabolic Rate, Resting,Rate, Basal Metabolic,Rate, Resting Metabolic,Resting Metabolic Rates
D020738	Leptin	A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	Ob Protein,Obese Protein,Ob Gene Product,Obese Gene Product,Gene Product, Ob,Gene Product, Obese