The authors present two cases of post-intubation perforation of the trachea and main left bronchus resp. One was diagnosed incidentally during thoracotomy, on the second to third day after attempted intubation during which perforation occurred. The patient's life was threatened by the development of ARDS syndrome. The authors emphasize therefore the necessity of acute tracheobronchoscopy when perforation of the major airways during difficult intubation is suspected. Uncertain suture of the pars membranacea should be covered by the oesophagus.