Food deprivation increases the rewarding effects of self-administered drugs such as psychomotor stimulants and benzodiazepines. These drugs also possess aversive properties and can produce conditioned taste aversions (CTA). Because drug-seeking behavior is most likely affected by both the rewarding and aversive properties of drugs, we hypothesize that food deprivation might also attenuate a drug's aversive consequences. The CTAs induced by three different drugs (amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide, and LiCl) were assessed separately. Male Long-Evans rats were assigned to one of two feeding conditions: restricted (maintained at 80% of free-feeding body weight), or nonrestricted (with ad lib food). Both groups received CTA training, consisting of an intraoral infusion of a novel saccharin solution (10 min) followed immediately by one of two i.p. injections: paired rats received drug, and unpaired rats received a similar volume of saline. After 10 days of ad lib food access, saccharin was presented to all rats again, and the latency to reject the tastant was used as an index of CTA learning. The rats that had been food restricted at the time of conditioning exhibited attenuated CTAs relative to those that had not been deprived. These differences were seen only when a rewarding drug (amphetamine or chlordiazepoxide) and not when a nonrewarding drug (LiCl) was used as the unconditioned stimulus. In a separate experiment, we established that this effect is apparent only when the deprivation period precedes conditioning rather than precedes testing. The present results indicate that food deprivation modulates the acquisition of a CTA induced by amphetamine or chlordiazepoxide, but not LiCl.