Di- and oligosaccharide substrate specificities and subsite binding energies of pig intestinal glucoamylase-maltase. 1998

S Günther, and H Heymann
Zentrum Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany. sguent@botanik.tiho-hannover.de

The substrate specificity of pig intestinal glucoamylase-maltase was investigated. The alpha-1, beta-2-glycosidic bond of the disaccharide sucrose was not hydrolyzed. Various substrates with alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds (maltose, maltooligosaccharides) were hydrolyzed with high maximal reaction velocities. Reduction lowered the rate of hydrolysis drastically: k'0 decreases from 75 s-1 for maltose to 3 s-1 for maltitol while the K(m) value increases from 4.2 to 50 mM. Leucrose with alpha-1,5-glycosidic bond was hydrolyzed with a k'0 value of 8 s-1 and a K(m) value of 74 mM. Disaccharides with alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds were hydrolyzed with extremely low rates: for isomaltose and isomaltulose k'0 values of 5 and 3 s-1, respectively, and K(m) values of 90 and 42 mM, respectively, were observed. Again reduction lowers the k'0 values: The corresponding disaccharide alcohols alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-sorbitol and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-1,6-mannitol, like isomaltooligosaccharides, were not hydrolyzed. Regarding the conformation of sucrose, leucrose, and maltose previously determined by molecular dynamics simulations, a reasonable explanation for the different rates of hydrolysis could be postulated. Based on the enzyme kinetic parameters for the series of maltooligosaccharides, subsite affinities (A1) according to the subsite theory were calculated as 7.5 (A1), 17 (A2), 3.4 (A3), and 1.3 kJ/mol (A4) for subsites 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The intrinsic rate constant k'int was estimated at 76 s-1.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007422 Intestines The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE. Intestine
D007534 Isomaltose A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008320 Maltose A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D009844 Oligosaccharides Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form. Oligosaccharide
D004187 Disaccharides Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond. Disaccharide
D006027 Glycosides Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed) Glycoside
D000520 alpha-Glucosidases Enzymes that catalyze the exohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages with release of alpha-glucose. Deficiency of alpha-1,4-glucosidase may cause GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE II. Acid Maltase,Lysosomal alpha-Glucosidase,Maltase,Maltases,Maltase-Glucoamylase,Neutral Maltase,Neutral alpha-Glucosidase,alpha-Glucosidase,Lysosomal alpha Glucosidase,Maltase Glucoamylase,Neutral alpha Glucosidase,alpha Glucosidase,alpha Glucosidases,alpha-Glucosidase, Lysosomal,alpha-Glucosidase, Neutral
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001665 Binding Sites The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule. Combining Site,Binding Site,Combining Sites,Site, Binding,Site, Combining,Sites, Binding,Sites, Combining

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