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This communication contributes an additional case of partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 4[46,XX,t(X;4)(Q27;Q25)]. Three generations of the patient's family were karyotyped and her mother and brother were found to be balanced translocation carriers. From the patient's clinical examination and from review of 13 similar cases reported in the literature, the following phenotype emerged: constant features were psychomotor retardation, muscle hypotonia at birth, undescended testes in all males and abnormal auricles, typically with a prominent antitragus. Anomalies of kidneys and other structures of the urinary system were present consistently as probably the most characteristic feature of the syndrome. Over 200 structural anomalies of other systems were reported, many of the common to other autosomal chromosomal syndromes.
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