Viral genetic evolution in macaques infected with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus correlates with the extent of persistent viremia. 1998

V M Hirsch, and G Dapolito, and A Hahn, and J Lifson, and D Montefiori, and C R Brown, and R Goeken
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Twinbrook II Facility, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. vhirsch@atlas.niaid.nih.gov

Genetic evolution of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope glycoprotein was evaluated in a group of six macaques (Macaca nemestrina) infected with the molecularly cloned, moderately pathogenic SIVsm62d. The extent of envelope evolution was subsequently evaluated within the context of the individual pattern of viremia and disease outcome. Two macaques in this cohort developed AIDS by 1.5 years postinoculation (progressors), whereas the remaining four macaques remained asymptomatic (nonprogressors). Compared with the nonprogressor macaques, the two progressor macaques exhibited higher persistent plasma viremia, higher homologous neutralizing antibody titers, and more extensive mutation and evolution in the V1 region of envelope. Although clearly distinct in each of these parameters from the progressors, the four nonprogressors exhibited more individual variability with respect to the extent of persistent viremia and genetic evolution of the V1 region of envelope. The extent of V1 envelope varied from no apparent V1 evolution in a macaque with good viral containment to extensive evolution in one macaque with persistent viremia. This study underscores the critical role of persistent replication in the genetic evolution of SIV.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007963 Leukocytes, Mononuclear Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules. Mononuclear Leukocyte,Mononuclear Leukocytes,PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Human Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Leukocyte, Mononuclear
D008254 Macaca nemestrina A species of the genus MACACA which inhabits Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is one of the most arboreal species of Macaca. The tail is short and untwisted. M. leonina,Macaca nemestrina leonina,Macaca nemestrina pagensis,Macaca nemestrina siberu,Macaca siberu,Monkey, Pig-Tailed,Pagai Macaque,Pig-Tail Macaque,Pig-Tailed Macaque,Pig-Tailed Monkey,M. pagensis,Macaca pagensis,Monkey, Pigtail,Monkey, Pigtailed,Pigtail Macaque,Macaque, Pagai,Macaque, Pig-Tail,Macaque, Pig-Tailed,Macaque, Pigtail,Monkey, Pig Tailed,Pagai Macaques,Pig Tail Macaque,Pig Tailed Macaque,Pig Tailed Monkey,Pig-Tail Macaques,Pig-Tailed Macaques,Pig-Tailed Monkeys,Pigtail Macaques,Pigtail Monkey,Pigtail Monkeys,Pigtailed Monkey,Pigtailed Monkeys
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009500 Neutralization Tests The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50). Neutralization Test,Test, Neutralization,Tests, Neutralization
D005075 Biological Evolution The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics. Evolution, Biological
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000914 Antibodies, Viral Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS. Viral Antibodies
D014766 Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. Viremias
D015302 Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV. SIV (Simian immunodeficiency virus),Immunodeficiency Viruses, Simian,Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses,Immunodeficiency Virus, Simian

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