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Renal-transplanted children may present stunted growth, negative nitrogen balance (Nb), and alterations in body composition. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is a potent anabolic agent which improves nutritional status and Nb. In renal-transplanted children, rhGH increases growth velocity but its effect on nutritional status has not been reported. We evaluated the effect of 6 months of rhGH treatment on Nb, urea nitrogen appearance (UNA), anthropometric indexes, and growth velocity in 14 pediatric patients with a renal transplant. Nb improved significantly (P = 0.02) and was accompanied by a decrease of UNA. A significant improvement was observed also in mid-arm muscle circumference (P = 0.002), arm muscle are (P = 0.001), and arm fat are (P = 0.017). Growth velocity increased in prepubertal patients (P = 0.003). Creatinine clearance and the number of rejection episodes were not affected by rhGH treatment. In conclusion, short-term administration of rhGH improves Nb and UNA as well as the main indexes of body composition.
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