Biomaterial Database

Effects of head-out water immersion on cardiorespiratory responses to maximal cycling exercise. 1976

R H Dressendorfer, and J F Morlock, and D G Baker, and S K Hong

Our objectives were to determine effects of head-out immersion (HOI), scuba breathing, and water temperature on cardiorespiratory responses to maximal aerobic work. Measurements of VO2, VE, and heart rate (HR) were obtained on seven men (27 yr, 177 cm, 67 kg) as they performed the same upright bicycling exercise to exhaustion (4-5 min) in 23 degrees C air and 30 degrees C water. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) during HOI was 3.18 liters - min-1, which was not statistically different from the mean of 3.29 liters- min-1 in air. When compressed air was breathed via scuba during HOI, VO2 max was 3.12 liters- min-1 and not significantly different from that when room air was breathed and a low-resistance valve in water was used. HOI decreased VE by 15.7 liters - min-1 and HR by 10 beats (b) - min-1. Scuba breathing further reduced VE by 22.0 liters - min-1. Similar measurements were made on four of the subjects after 18 min of HOI in water temperatures of 35,30, and 25 degrees C. Water temperature had no significant affect on VO2 max, although HR was 8 b- min-1 lower in 30 degrees C and 15 b - min-1 lower in 25 degrees C as compared to 35 degrees C water. The results show that VO2 max was not significantly changed by HOI, scuba breathing, or brief exposures to 25, 30, and 35 degrees C water, despite significant reductions that occurred for VE and HR.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007101	Immersion	The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.	Submersion,Immersions,Submersions
D008297	Male		Males
D008451	Maximal Voluntary Ventilation	Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be breathed in and blown out over a sustained interval such as 15 or 20 seconds. Common abbreviations are MVV and MBC.	Maximal Breathing Capacity,MVV (Ventilation),Breathing Capacities, Maximal,Breathing Capacity, Maximal,Capacities, Maximal Breathing,Capacity, Maximal Breathing,Maximal Breathing Capacities,Maximal Voluntary Ventilations,Ventilation, Maximal Voluntary,Ventilations, Maximal Voluntary,Voluntary Ventilation, Maximal,Voluntary Ventilations, Maximal
D009326	Naval Medicine	The practice of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of individuals associated with the marine environment.	Nautical Medicine,Medicine, Nautical,Medicine, Naval
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D001831	Body Temperature	The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.	Organ Temperature,Body Temperatures,Organ Temperatures,Temperature, Body,Temperature, Organ,Temperatures, Body,Temperatures, Organ
D005082	Physical Exertion	Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.	Physical Effort,Effort, Physical,Efforts, Physical,Exertion, Physical,Exertions, Physical,Physical Efforts,Physical Exertions
D006257	Head	The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.	Heads
D006321	Heart	The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.	Hearts