Biomaterial Database

Dissociation of novelty- and cocaine-conditioned locomotor activity from cocaine place conditioning. 1998

T A Kosten, and M J Miserendino

Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.

High locomotor response to novelty is associated with ease of drug self-administration but does not predict greater place-conditioning effects of drugs. Yet, the latter reflects context conditioning and high responders (HR), compared to low responders (LR), show greater conditioned locomotor effects. Conditioned locomotor effects may occur in place conditioning, perhaps confounding its measure. To examine whether conditioned locomotor effects occur in place conditioning, the present study classified rats as HR vs. LR by using approximately the two extreme 15% percentiles of the distributions. The place conditioning and locomotor sensitizing effects of cocaine were tested. In Experiment 1, HR rats exhibited more crossings between compartments but did not differ from LR rats in cocaine place conditioning. Further, both groups showed increased crossings at test compared to baseline, indicative of a conditioned locomotor effect. In Experiment 2, HR rats showed greater acute locomotor activation to cocaine, whereas LR rats tend to show greater locomotor sensitization. Finally, in Experiment 3, HR rats showed habituation in locomotor responses, whereas LR rats did not. Results of these studies suggest that inherent and conditioned locomotor activity levels are dissociated from place-conditioning effects.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007206	Individuality	Those psychological characteristics which differentiate individuals from one another.	Individual Differences,Difference, Individual,Differences, Individual,Individual Difference
D008297	Male		Males
D009043	Motor Activity	Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.	Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D003042	Cocaine	An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.	Cocaine HCl,Cocaine Hydrochloride,HCl, Cocaine,Hydrochloride, Cocaine
D003216	Conditioning, Operant	Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.	Instrumental Learning,Learning, Instrumental,Operant Conditioning,Conditionings, Operant,Instrumental Learnings,Learnings, Instrumental,Operant Conditionings
D004777	Environment	The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.	Environmental Impact,Environmental Impacts,Impact, Environmental,Impacts, Environmental,Environments
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017207	Rats, Sprague-Dawley	A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.	Holtzman Rat,Rats, Holtzman,Sprague-Dawley Rat,Rats, Sprague Dawley,Holtzman Rats,Rat, Holtzman,Rat, Sprague-Dawley,Sprague Dawley Rat,Sprague Dawley Rats,Sprague-Dawley Rats
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D018765	Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors	Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.	Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors,Inhibitors, Dopamine Reuptake,Inhibitors, Dopamine Uptake,Reuptake Inhibitors, Dopamine,Uptake Inhibitors, Dopamine