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This study investigated, in a laboratory setting, whether prospective memory (remembering to perform intended actions in the future) would be improved by self-enactment of the to-be-remembered tasks. The subjects, 45 university students, were asked to remember later to perform five tasks that they initially enacted themselves, watched the experimenter perform, or had described to them. These tasks were to be performed, ostensibly in preparation for the next subject, at the end of 30 min of filler activity, which was presented as the experimental task. Surprisingly, self-enactment produced the poorest prospective remembering. Speculative explanations are offered in terms of both metacognitive expectations about memory and output-monitoring deficiencies.
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
January 2015,
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
May 2001,
Memory (Hove, England),
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
April 1990,
Western journal of nursing research,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
August 1995,
Journal of advanced nursing,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
January 1966,
The American journal of clinical hypnosis,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
April 2009,
The American journal of clinical hypnosis,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
January 1995,
Psychological research,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
January 1985,
Perspectives in psychiatric care,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
January 2015,
Frontiers in human neuroscience,
E G Schaefer, and
M V Kozak, and
K Sagness
August 2005,
Learning & behavior,
