Urological complications after renal transplantation are often responsible for postoperative morbidity and mortality in spite of a decrease in incidence and severity of such complications in the last decades. It is of particular interest to detect this complications early and to treat them in an adequate manner especially in regard to the increasing lack of human organs for transplantation. The number of transplanted patients in the population is still increasing and they are treated not only in transplant centers but also by general practitioners, nephrologists and urologists in private consultings. This necessitates a survey about the most important complications including diagnostics and therapeutic options. Measures of prevention and early detection are taken into account. Questions concerning impotence and incontinence are discussed in detail. Attention must be paid to the fact of immunosuppression and its peculiarities in transplanted patients. In this way the outcome of patients and transplants can be prolonged.