Biomaterial Database

Hematological responses to training and taper in competitive swimmers: relationships with performance. 1998

I Mujika, and S Padilla, and A Geyssant, and J C Chatard

Departamento de Alto Rendimiento, Instituto Vasco de Educación Física-Soin Hezkuntzako Euskal Erakundea, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain.

The purpose of this study was to monitor hematological changes during 12 weeks of intense training and 4 weeks of taper in 8 highly trained competitive swimmers, and to assess the relationships between hematological variables and competition performance. Venous blood samples were obtained in the mid-season (wk 10), before taper (wk 22) and after taper (wk 26). Swimmers participated in actual competitions within 1 wk of each blood testing. Comparisons were made between swimmers improving performance with taper by more than 2% (n = 4), efficient (GE) or less than 2% (n = 4), less efficient (GLE). Hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased significantly during training. MCH and MCHC decreased during taper, while serum iron tended to increase (P = 0.07). Improvement in performance during taper was positively correlated with post-taper red cell count (RCC): r = 0.83, P < 0.05. GE swimmers had higher pre- and post-taper RCC, and post-taper Hb and hematocrit. In conclusion, intense training and taper appeared to influence the hematological status and performance capacity of the studied group of swimmers.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D010806	Physical Education and Training	Instructional programs in the care and development of the body, often in schools. The concept does not include prescribed exercises, which is EXERCISE THERAPY.	Education, Physical,Physical Education,Physical Education, Training
D011597	Psychomotor Performance	The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.	Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D003163	Competitive Behavior	The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.	Behavior, Competitive,Behaviors, Competitive,Competitive Behaviors
D004526	Efficiency	Ratio of output to effort and or resources, or the ratio of effort and or resources produced to energy expended.	Productivity
D006403	Hematologic Tests	Tests used in the analysis of the hemic system.	Blood Tests,Hematologic Test,Hematological Tests,Test, Hematologic,Tests, Hematologic,Blood Test,Hematological Test,Test, Blood,Test, Hematological,Tests, Blood,Tests, Hematological
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D000704	Analysis of Variance	A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.	ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D013550	Swimming	An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.