In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the potential of androgen replacement in menopausal women and specifically adrenal androgen replacement. There is unfortunately increasing unmonitored use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) among adults in the United States with only limited and preliminary human data. An extensive body of literature in laboratory animals exists to suggest DHEA used in extremely large doses has multifaceted effects; though the inapplicability of this data to humans is not appreciated, as the physiology of adrenal androgens in humans and a few primates is unique. Currently, there is much international and multidisciplinary interest in the physiology and use of DHEA "replacement" in men and menopausal women. The scientific community anxiously await the results of these investigations, but in the interim DHEA and/or DHEA-Sulfate (DHEAS) supplementation is not recommended as a therapeutic option in menopause outside of clinical trials.