Biomaterial Database

Where have we been? Where are we going? 1997

P L Gildenberg

Houston Stereotactic Center, Houston, Tex., USA.

The field of human stereotactic and functional neurosurgery is 50 years old. It began with the pioneering work of Spiegel and Wycis, who developed an apparatus to be used in human neurosurgery designed like the Horsley-Clarke apparatus invented for animal experimentation 40 years earlier, but based on targeting by intracerebral landmarks. During the past half century, the field of stereotactic surgery has evolved from a small field involving a handful of scientists to a field dominated by a technology that is permeating all of neurosurgery. A review of the scientific programs and activities of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery reflects the changing level of activity in these fields, the waxing and waning of functional neurosurgery that is now vital and active, and the evolution of stereotactic guidance into the field of computer-assisted neurosurgery. Functional neurosurgery involves the application of human neurophysiology to the treatment of various diseases that produce malfunction of the nervous system, and remains the domain of those few neurosurgeons well versed in neurological pathophysiology. Image-based or computerized stereotactic surgery, on the other hand, is used in those procedures common to neurosurgery, and should be available to any operating neurosurgeon.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009069	Movement Disorders	Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	Dyskinesia Syndromes,Etat Marbre,Status Marmoratus,Movement Disorder Syndromes,Dyskinesia Syndrome,Movement Disorder,Movement Disorder Syndrome
D009493	Neurosurgery	A surgical specialty concerned with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral and sympathetic nervous system.	Neurosurgeries
D011612	Psychosurgery	Treatment of chronic, severe and intractable psychiatric disorders by surgical removal or interruption of certain areas or pathways in the brain, especially in the prefrontal lobes.	Gyrectomy,Leucotomy,Leukotomy,Lobotomy,Topectomy,Gyrectomies,Leucotomies,Leukotomies,Lobotomies,Psychosurgeries,Topectomies
D004827	Epilepsy	A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	Aura,Awakening Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Cryptogenic,Auras,Cryptogenic Epilepsies,Cryptogenic Epilepsy,Epilepsies,Epilepsies, Cryptogenic,Epilepsy, Awakening,Seizure Disorders
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012955	Societies, Medical	Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.	Medical Societies,Medical Society,Society, Medical
D013238	Stereotaxic Techniques	Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.	Stereotactic Techniques,Stereotaxic Technics,Stereotactic Technique,Stereotaxic Technic,Stereotaxic Technique,Technic, Stereotaxic,Technics, Stereotaxic,Technique, Stereotactic,Technique, Stereotaxic,Techniques, Stereotactic,Techniques, Stereotaxic
D014481	United States	A country in NORTH AMERICA between CANADA and MEXICO.
D016634	Radiosurgery	A radiological stereotactic technique developed for cutting or destroying tissue by high doses of radiation in place of surgical incisions. It was originally developed for neurosurgery on structures in the brain and its use gradually spread to radiation surgery on extracranial structures as well. The usual rigid needles or probes of stereotactic surgery are replaced with beams of ionizing radiation directed toward a target so as to achieve local tissue destruction.	Gamma Knife Radiosurgery,Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery,Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy,Stereotactic Radiosurgery,CyberKnife Radiosurgery,LINAC Radiosurgery,Radiosurgery, Gamma Knife,Radiosurgery, Linear Accelerator,Radiosurgery, Stereotactic,Stereotactic Radiation,Stereotactic Radiation Therapy,CyberKnife Radiosurgeries,Gamma Knife Radiosurgeries,LINAC Radiosurgeries,Linear Accelerator Radiosurgeries,Radiation Therapy, Stereotactic,Radiation, Stereotactic,Radiosurgery, CyberKnife,Radiosurgery, LINAC,Radiotherapy, Stereotactic Body,Stereotactic Body Radiotherapies,Stereotactic Radiation Therapies,Stereotactic Radiations,Stereotactic Radiosurgeries,Therapy, Stereotactic Radiation
D049673	History, 20th Century	Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.	20th Century History,20th Cent. History (Medicine),20th Cent. History of Medicine,20th Cent. Medicine,Historical Events, 20th Century,History of Medicine, 20th Cent.,History, Twentieth Century,Medical History, 20th Cent.,Medicine, 20th Cent.,20th Cent. Histories (Medicine),20th Century Histories,Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine),Cent. History, 20th (Medicine),Century Histories, 20th,Century Histories, Twentieth,Century History, 20th,Century History, Twentieth,Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Histories, 20th Century,Histories, Twentieth Century,History, 20th Cent. (Medicine),Twentieth Century Histories,Twentieth Century History