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The rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) for Leishmania donovani infection in the Sudan. rK39 ELISA proved more sensitive than DAT in diagnosis of kala-azar (93 and 80%, respectively); both tests may remain positive up to 24 months after treatment. For patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and individuals with subclinical infection, rK39 ELISA performed as well as DAT but could detect infection 6 months earlier in approximately 40% of patients. Conversion in DAT and rK39 ELISA also occurred in leishmanin skin test (LST)-positive individuals, suggesting active parasite replication (rK39 is an amastigote antigen) in these presumably immune individuals. In contrast to DAT, rK39 ELISA also detected infection in randomly selected LST-positive individuals (in four of six) and endemicity (LST-negative) controls (in one of five). rK39 ELISA appears more sensitive than DAT and may prove an important tool in epidemiological studies.
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
January 1991,
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
January 1982,
Journal of clinical pathology,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
February 1987,
European journal of clinical microbiology,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
October 2008,
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
February 1982,
Journal of virological methods,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
February 1986,
European journal of clinical microbiology,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
March 1991,
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
November 1987,
Journal of clinical microbiology,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
January 1981,
The Journal of pediatrics,
E E Zijlstra, and
N S Daifalla, and
P A Kager, and
E A Khalil, and
A M El-Hassan, and
S G Reed, and
H W Ghalib
February 1981,
American journal of veterinary research,
