Biomaterial Database

Therapeutic potential of selective estrogen receptor modulators. 1998

J A Gustafsson

Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden.

The hormone estradiol has effects on many tissues in both males and females. Some of these effects, such as inhibition of cancer growth and modulation of the devastating effects of aging on bone, brain, skin and bladder, are good. Others, such as the effect on the breast and endometrium, are undesirable. The task of designing drugs that would have only the good effects of estradiol has, until recently, seemed almost impossible because it was thought that there was only one estrogen receptor and that an estrogenic agent was definitively categorized as an estrogen agonist or an antagonist. More recently we have learnt that there are two estrogen receptors which, under certain conditions, have opposite effects on gene transcription. In addition, it is now understood that agents cannot be described as agonists or antagonists because a single agent can be an agonist in one tissue and an antagonist in another. The term 'selective' estrogen receptor modulator' was designed to incorporate this. The idea of estrogen receptor modulators has raised new hope that tissue specific estrogens or anti-estrogens can be designed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007529	Isoflavones	3-Phenylchromones. Isomeric form of FLAVONOIDS in which the benzene group is attached to the 3 position of the benzopyran ring instead of the 2 position.	3-Benzylchroman-4-One,3-Benzylidene-4-Chromanone,Homoisoflavone,Homoisoflavones,Isoflavone,Isoflavone Derivative,3-Benzylchroman-4-Ones,3-Benzylidene-4-Chromanones,Isoflavone Derivatives,3 Benzylchroman 4 One,3 Benzylchroman 4 Ones,3 Benzylidene 4 Chromanone,3 Benzylidene 4 Chromanones,Derivative, Isoflavone,Derivatives, Isoflavone
D010880	Piperidines	A family of hexahydropyridines.
D011960	Receptors, Estrogen	Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.	Estrogen Receptor,Estrogen Receptors,Estrogen Nuclear Receptor,Estrogen Receptor Type I,Estrogen Receptor Type II,Estrogen Receptors Type I,Estrogen Receptors Type II,Receptor, Estrogen Nuclear,Receptors, Estrogen, Type I,Receptors, Estrogen, Type II,Nuclear Receptor, Estrogen,Receptor, Estrogen
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D004965	Estrogen Antagonists	Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.	Estradiol Antagonists,Antagonists, Estradiol,Antagonists, Estrogen
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015195	Drug Design	The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include PHARMACOKINETICS, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.	Computer-Aided Drug Design,Computerized Drug Design,Drug Modeling,Pharmaceutical Design,Computer Aided Drug Design,Computer-Aided Drug Designs,Computerized Drug Designs,Design, Pharmaceutical,Drug Design, Computer-Aided,Drug Design, Computerized,Drug Designs,Drug Modelings,Pharmaceutical Designs
D018808	Transcription Factor AP-1	A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.	AP-1 Enhancer-Binding Protein,AP-1,AP-1 Enhancer Binding Protein,Activator Protein-1,AP 1 Enhancer Binding Protein,Activator Protein 1,Enhancer-Binding Protein, AP-1,Transcription Factor AP 1
D020218	Response Elements	Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.	Element, Response,Elements, Response,Response Element