Available evidence indicating a possibility to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis and to reduce the mortality rate due to associated diseases in humans forms the rationale behind prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It consists of simultaneous modification of all concomitant risk factors including treatment of lipid disorders. Reduction of increased LDL cholesterol and TG levels is associated with a number of clinical benefits. It improves arterial endothelial function and stabilizes atheromatous plaque, which is reflected in the improved clinical, angiographic and hemostatic picture. Multiple studies have revealed a decreased rate of cardiac events and cardiovascular mortality in patients treated for lipid disorders. Furthermore, progression of atherosclerotic lesions has been shown to be inhibited. Before initiation of the therapy for lipid disorders taget LDL cholesterol level should be determined depending on the patient's risk group. In patients with known coronary artery disease or peripheral atherosclerosis (high risk group) it is desirable to reach LDL cholesterol level below 100 mg/dl and TG below 200 mg/dl. Basic approach to the therapy of lipid disorders both in primary and secondary prevention includes, modifications in the life style, especially dietary habits which may result in a mean of 10 to 20% decrease of LDL cholesterol and TG. When dietary modifications are ineffective it is recommended to use combined therapy but with a high degree of caution.