Immobilized cell technology has been playing a vital role in the development of fermentation processes. For the past several years, I have been working on immobilized cell systems with an aim of developing novel immobilized biosystems where physical, chemical as well as biological functions are incorporated into the immobilization carrier. By efficiently integrating these new functions with the innate abilities of immobilized cells, the area where immobilized cell systems can be utilized will expand, and the process efficiency will be greatly improved.