Biomaterial Database

Plasminogen activator in early embryogenesis: enzyme production by trophoblast and parietal endoderm. 1976

S Strickland, and E Reich, and M I Sherman

We have surveyed the early stages in the development and differentiation of cultured mouse embryos for plasminogen activator production. This enzyme is first detectable by the sixth equivalent gestation day. Thereafter, cultured blastocysts produce plasminogen activator with a biphasic time course: in the first phase, enzyme secretion rises to a maximum at about the eighth day and then decreases; a second phase, during which more enzyme accumulates, begins somewhat later and continues to at least the fifteenth day. By fractionating the blastocyst into its constituent cell types, we have identified the trophoblast as the cells responsible for the first phase of enzyme synthesis. The pattern of enzyme production by the trophoblast is closely correlated with the invasive period of these cells in vivo and implies that plasminogen activator is involved in embryo implantation. The second phase of plasminogen activator production is due to parietal endoderm, which initiates enzyme synthesis upon differentiation from the inner cell mass. The properties of the parietal endoderm suggest that plasminogen activator may participate in the migration of these cells and/or in the metabolism of Reichert's membrane which accompanies embryo growth. These results are consistent with the concept, deveolped from work on other cell types, that plasminogen activator may represent a generalized mechanism for tissue remodeling and cell migration.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010960	Plasminogen Activators	A heterogeneous group of proteolytic enzymes that convert PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. They are concentrated in the lysosomes of most cells and in the vascular endothelium, particularly in the vessels of the microcirculation.	Extrinsic Plasminogen Activators,Plasminogen Activator,Uterine-Tissue Plasminogen Activator,Uterine Tissue Plasminogen Activator
D001755	Blastocyst	A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.	Embryo, Preimplantation,Blastocysts,Embryos, Preimplantation,Preimplantation Embryo,Preimplantation Embryos
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002465	Cell Movement	The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.	Cell Migration,Locomotion, Cell,Migration, Cell,Motility, Cell,Movement, Cell,Cell Locomotion,Cell Motility,Cell Movements,Movements, Cell
D004707	Endoderm	The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.	Definitive Endoderm,Definitive Endoderms,Endoderm, Definitive,Endoderms
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014327	Trophoblasts	Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).	Cytotrophoblasts,Syncytiotrophoblasts,Trophoblast,Cytotrophoblast,Syncytiotrophoblast
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus