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The indication for operative treatment of serious injuries to the cervical spine is basically determinated by instability and dislocation. Timing of the operation is based on the neurological deficit. If there is a chance for recovery operative treatment is urgent. For the upper cervical spine defined indications are existing for type-2-fractures of the dens and C 2/C 3-instabilities of the hangman-type with major dislocation. Fractures of C 0 and C 1 are preferably treated by conservative methods. Only cases with compound injury patterns with a high degree of ligamentous instability may require dorsal fusion. For serious injuries of the lower cervical spine operative treatment is needed in most instances. Conservative treatment is only indicated if functional stability can be proofed and injuries to the discs and compression to the myelon are ruled out.
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
April 1969,
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1989,
Neurosurgical review,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
October 1982,
ZFA. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
March 1960,
Montpellier medical,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1996,
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1983,
Chirurgia narzadow ruchu i ortopedia polska,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1989,
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1972,
Zeitschrift fur Unfallmedizin und Berufskrankheiten. Revue de medecine des accidents et des maladies professionelles,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1998,
Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie,
V Bühren, and
M Hofmeister, and
M Militz, and
M Potulski
January 1988,
Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie,
