-transparent.png){kind=logo}
The excretion and biotransformation of carvedilol [1-[carbazolyl-(4)-oxy]-3-[(2-methoxyphenoxyethyl)amino]-2-p ropanol], a new, multiple-action, neurohormonal antagonist that exhibits the combined pharmacological activities of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism, vasodilation, and antioxidation, were investigated in dogs, rats, and mice. Carvedilol was absorbed well, and biliary secretion was predominant in each species. Carvedilol was metabolized extensively in each species, and elimination of unchanged compound was minor in bile duct-catheterized rats and dogs. In dogs, glucuronidation of the parent compound and hydroxylation of the carbazolyl ring, with subsequent glucuronidation, were the major metabolic pathways. Rats showed the simplest metabolite profile; the primary metabolites were formed by hydroxylation of the carbazolyl ring, with subsequent glucuronidation. Mice displayed the most complicated metabolite profile; glucuronidation of the parent compound and hydroxylation of either the carbazolyl or phenyl ring, with subsequent glucuronidation, were the major metabolic routes. O-Dealkylation was a minor pathway in all species examined.
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
November 1998,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
December 2010,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
April 2010,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
May 2014,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
October 1977,
Cancer treatment reports,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
August 2009,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
May 1972,
Toxicology and applied pharmacology,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
January 1992,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
March 1979,
The Japanese journal of antibiotics,
W H Schaefer, and
J Politowski, and
B Hwang, and
F Dixon, and
A Goalwin, and
L Gutzait, and
K Anderson, and
C DeBrosse, and
M Bean, and
G R Rhodes
January 1971,
Ceskoslovenska farmacie,
